Membrane technology (MBR) is challenging traditional wastewater treatment systems and gaining ground, because it provides an effluent of very high quality for water reuse and allows for improvement of new or existing wastewater treatment systems. Adaptation or upgrading of wastewater treatment plants for implementation of nutrient removal, micropollutants removal or water disinfection are a major issue in the priorities of wastewater management. However some drawbacks still remain an issue: fouling, costs and integrated operation with biological processes.